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chapter 18 blog (julia

Page history last edited by Julia Burton 13 years, 8 months ago

In the first section of this page, you will write a daily summary of that day's class.  For example in  your chapter 2 blog, your first entry should be titled 9/3/10.  You should then write a one or two paragraph summary of that day's lecture, outlining the major points.  In the second section, you are required to add two items (link to a website, video, animation, student-created slide show, student-created PowerPoint presentation) and one journal article pertaining to a topic in this chapter.  A one-paragraph summary must accompany each item describing the main idea and how it applies to the lecture topic.  Please see the PBWorks help guide for assistance embedding video and other items directly in the page.  I will also produce a how-to video on using tables to wrap text around items and other useful tips.  Please see the syllabus for organization and grading details.

 

A.  Daily Blog

 

Chapter 18 Blog! 

 

This chapter talks about the genetics of viruses and bacteria.

 

A virus is an infectious group of particles that consists of nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat. They replicate themselves to survive. They are nonliving, and use host cell components. 

ENVELOPE OF VIRUS: 

acquired in a process called budding 

VERY important in recognition  

Basic Steps:

     -Synthesis

    - Assembly

          Attachment

          Entry

          Integration

          Synthesis of viral components

          Viral assembly

          Release

made of phospholipids and proteins

 

Viruses can be particular in which cells they can infect. This is called host range. 

 

There are three basic types of viruses:

1. helical

2. polyhedral

3. complex

 

Lytic cycle:

 cell lyses and lets out the virus 

 

lysogenic cycle:

cell reproduces regularly different cells and the virus will replicate without doing any work 

 

**temperature depends on which one is better:

 hot temperatures prefer lytic , optimal temperatures are better for lysogenic

 

temperate phage: 

A bacteriophage that may spend some of its time in the lysogenic cycle.

 

** CAN BE IN EITHER LYSOGENIC OR LYTIC

 

a bacteriophage, or just a phage, is is a virus that infects bacteria. 

 

Viruses Reproduce by Mobilizing Their Host Cells to Produce New Viruses

the viral reproductive system is a series of steps that result in the production of a new virus during a viral infection. 

(the basic steps are shown above)

 

Viroids are RNA particles that infect plants. 

composed of a single stranded RNA 

its a few hundred nucleotides in length

 

Strain:Within a given species, a lineage that has genetic differences compared to another lineage.

 

Mechanisms of gene transfer between bacteria:

conjugaton:  Requires direct contact between a donor and a recipient cell. The donor cell transfers a strand of DNA to the recipient. In the example shown here, DNA from a plasmid is transferred to the recipient cell. Both donor and recipient cells end up with a plasmid.

transformation: A fragment of its DNA from a donor cell is released into the environment. This may happen when a bacterial cell dies. This DNA fragment is taken up by a recipient cell, which incorporates the DNA into its chromosome.

transduction:When a virus infects a donor cell, it causes the bacterial chromosome of the donor cell to break up into fragments. A fragment of bacterial chromosomal DNA is incorporated into a newly made virus particle. The virus then transfers this fragment of DNA to a recipient cell.

 

B.  Useful Materials

 

Longevity of rAAV vector and plasmid DNA in blood after intramuscular injection in nonhuman primates: implications for gene doping.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390073

This is a pubmed article that talks about how scientists can now determine whether a bacteria has gone under a gene transfer. 

 

This is a video that explains one of the types of gene transfer in bacteria called transformation. 

 

This is a song about AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This is a disease of the immune system caused by HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. 

 

 

 

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