26.1 Taxonomy
• Compare and contrast organisms from each of the three domains of life.
• Explain why phenotypic similarity does not necessarily indicate close evolutionary relationship.
26.2 Phylogenetic Trees
• Understand what a phylogeny represents.
• Describe the difference between shared primitive and derived characters.
• Differentiate among monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groups.
• Interpret or construct a phylogenetic tree, including cladogenetic or anagenetic events.
26.3 Cladistics
• Explain why only shared, derived characters indicate close evolutionary relationship.
• Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.
• Discuss how a phylogenetic tree can indicate the timing of species diversification.
• Discuss the differences in approaches to phylogenetic analysis.
26.4 Molecular Clocks
• Explain how DNA sequence data can be used to establish the timing of evolutionary divergence of species.
26.5 Horizontal Gene Transfer
• Explain why horizontal gene transfer can complicate evolutionary hypotheses.
• Explain why the "tree of life" is being replaced by the "web of life."